3/19/2024 0 Comments Moca test version 7.3 pdfThe stimulus is then consolidated when it is actively stored in STM, where, if it remains long enough, will be transferred into LTM, which is understood to have a capacity limited only by its ability to be accessed (i.e., retrieval Tulving and Pearlstone, 1966). Encoding refers to a mental representation or an external perceptual or sensory stimulus in the brain ( Tromp et al., 2015). Stimuli move through these systems via three sequential cognitive processes: encoding, consolidation, and retrieval (see Figure 1 Melton, 1963 Brown and Craik, 2000 Baddeley, 2002). Memory is believed to consist of three storage systems: sensory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM Murdock, 1967 Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968). MCI, Alzheimer’s disease, and other types of dementia are commonly diagnosed by measuring performance on delayed recall tasks, among other cognitive markers ( Klages et al., 2005 Dubois et al., 2014 García-Herranz et al., 2016).ĭelayed recall is a complex skill involving multiple memory systems. These deficits include difficulties with memory, language, and problem-solving, without the disruption of daily living activities ( Petersen, 2011). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a distinct clinical term describing cognitive decline that can precede the formal diagnosis of dementia and is characterized by cognitive deficits not explained by typical aging ( Eshkoor et al., 2015). Additionally, an estimated 5.8 million people in the United States and 10% of individuals 65 or older are impacted by Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia ( Zhao, 2020). Approximately two-thirds of adults in the United States over the age of 70 have HL and this number is expected to nearly double in the next four decades ( Goman et al., 2017). Hearing Loss (HL) and dementia are two of the most prevalent health concerns for the aging population ( Kravitz et al., 2012 Olusanya et al., 2014 Rigters et al., 2018 Ogawa et al., 2019). Our work also indicates that a modified ISDA retrieval score may be beneficial for evaluating CI users although additional work addressing the clinical relevance of this is still needed. We demonstrate that the ISDA can be successfully applied to CI users for the quantification and characterization of delayed recall ability however, future work addressing lower performing CI users, and comparing to normal hearing controls is needed to determine the extent of potential translational applications. Lastly, ISDA retrieval only related to CVLT-3 measures when modified.Ĭonclusion: Performance on the MoCA and CVLT-3 in a high performing CI patient population were not related. Consolidation, which is only distinctly defined by the ISDA, related to CVLT-3 cued delay recall performance but not free delay recall performance. Encoding performance for both the CVLT-3 and ISDA were related. Results: The original MoCA score and MoCA delayed recall subtest score did not relate to performance on any CVLT-3 measures regardless of scoring metric applied (i.e., traditional or ISDA). For the CVLT-3, both the traditional scoring and a newer scoring method, the Item-Specific Deficit Approach (ISDA), were employed. Methods: The MoCA and CVLT-3 were administered to 18 high-performing CI users. ![]() To better understand the underlying processes associated with delayed recall in CI users, we administered the MoCA and the California Verbal Learning Test, Third Edition (CVLT-3), which provides a more comprehensive assessment of delayed recall ability. Purpose: Recent studies using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) suggest delayed recall is challenging for cochlear implant (CI) users. 3College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.2Department of Psychology, Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA, United States.1Auditory Research Laboratory, Center for Hearing and Skull Base Surgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.Nadav Brumer 1 Elizabeth Elkins 1 Jennifer Parada 2 Jake Hillyer 3 Alexandra Parbery-Clark 1*
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